2^nd International Conference and Expo on Biomechanics and Implant Design November 07-08, 2016 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Biography:

Shahrouz Zamani Khalajabadi is a PhD student in Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). He is also a member of Medical Devices & Technology Group (MEDITEG) as a researcher from 2012 up to now. He has a broad experience in fabrication and characterization of nanocomposites by powder metallurgy methods. He obtained M.Sc. in materials for synthesis of MoSi₂-based nanocomposites for high temperature applications. His current research focuses on understanding and controlling the biodegradation behavior of magnesium/hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites for medical implant applications. He published 8 papers in high quality journals as the first author. 

Abstract:

Recently, magnesium/hydroxyapatite (Mg/HA) composites have shown the potential to serve as biodegradable metal matrix composite implants that can repair load-bearing defects in osseous tissue. However, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium-hydroxyapatite composites have been restricted by the significant agglomeration of HA particulates. In this study, the bio-corrosion properties of a Mg/HA-based composite were improved by the addition of different amounts of hydroxyapatite and TiO₂ nanopowders to pure magnesium and fabrication of the Mg/HA/TiO₂/MgTiO₃ nanocomposites using a blend-cold press-sinter powder metallurgy technique. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the compositions of the corrosion products and the surface morphologies of the corroded specimens. Based on the electrochemical test, the corrosion resistance of the nanocomposites is shown to increase from 0.25 kΩ cm² to 12.17 kΩ cm² with the addition of 10 wt% TiO₂; however, the ultimate compressive strength decreased from ~237 to ~184 MPa. During sintering process, synthesis of the MgTiO₃ nanoflakes via the mechanically induced self-propagating reaction on the Mg-12.5HA-10TiO₂ and Mg-5HA-15TiO₂ (wt%) pellets decreased the contact area between the physiological solution and the substrate; as a result, the corrosion rate decreased compared to that of the Mg-27.5HA and Mg-20HA-5TiO₂ nanocomposites. The corrosion products formed on the nanocomposites surface are shown to be primarily Mg(OH)₂, HA, Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and amorphous calcium-phosphate compounds. After 9 days of cell culture, the cell viability decreased by increasing of TiO₂ amount; however, the Mg/HA/TiO₂ nanocomposites remained biocompatible with osteoblast cells.

Biography:

Bart (GJ) Verkerke completed his PhD-study in December 1989. Since 1990 he works at the University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, since 2004 as professor in BioMedical Product Development and part-time professor at the University of Twente. He is coordinator of the Groningen Biomedical Engineering curriculum. Since 2011 he is Technical Scientific director of the Center of Research Excellence SPRINT, focusing on restoring or increasing the mobility of elderly. Since 2015 he is president of ESEM (Educating Students in Engineering and Medicine). He has published over 160 scientific publications, holds 12 patents, and serves the Editorial board of four reputed journals.

Abstract:

Surgical treatment of scoliosis generally results in a completely rigid spine and can only be done after growth. We developed a revolutionary non-fusion correction system that slowly, but persistently corrects. It is extremely flexible and extendable. The system (XS-TOR) generates a torque to correct the axial rotation of the spine. Due to coupled motion, lateral bending is corrected as well.To deliver the appropriate torque, the system is pre-stressed before fixing to only three vertebrae.

To test the mechanical strength and performance, the XS-TOR was anchored to three metal vertebrae containing 6D-force sensors, after which several spinal configurations were simulated and the reaction forces/moments were recorded. Animal experiments were performed with an inverse version of the implant that induces scoliosis instead of correcting it, since animals do not have scoliosis.

The XS-TOR generated a correction torque that remains constant during growth and correction, due to a special design. The increase in spinal stiffness is very limited, only 0.01-0.03 Nm/° in bending and 0.04-0.08 Nm/° in torsion. All animal experiments ended successfully. Scoliosis was induced, spinal growth was not inhibited and fusion of the spine prevented.

The XS-TOR is able to create scoliosis, both torsion and lateral bending, is able to allow spinal motion and growth and does not induce vertebral fusion. We expect that the system behaves as intended in scoliosis correction. This means that a new way of treating scoliosis is possible, starting already during growth when scoliosis is less severe and ending after growth by removing the system.

Biography:

Lauren Manning completed her Doctor of Dental Surgery training at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and receivced her Dorctor of Medical Science degree and clinical certificate in prosthodontics from the Harvard School of Dental Medicine where she studied articular cartilage denegeration in the lab of Dr. Yefu Li.  She is an Assistant Professor in the Restorative Department at Oregon Health and Science Univeristy School of Dentistry, where she is developing the prosthodontic curriculum for the General Practice Redicency and teaches predoctoral students in clinical prosthodontics. She also works in private practice as a prosthodontist in Portland, OR. 

Abstract:

Currently, no targets for disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs exist.  Co-localized expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has been found in degenerative articular cartilage of both human OA tissues and mouse models of OA.  In healthy articular cartilage, DDR2 is kept inactivated by the pericellular matrix; however, once lost, DDR2 is activated and induces expression of MMP-13, resulting in joint destruction and OA.

We generated aggrecan-CreERt2 mice and floxed Ddr2 mice, and used conditional knock out techniques to remove Ddr2 from articular cartilage of knee joints in 8 week old mice via intraperitoneal Tamoxifen injection (Group A).  Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery was performed at 10 weeks of age.  Group B mice were subjected to DMM or sham surgery at 10 weeks of age, followed by DDR2 removal 8 weeks later.  Knee joints from mice in Group A were harvested at 8 weeks or 16 weeks post-surgery and from Group B at 16 weeks post-surgery.  Histology was performed and the OARSI Modified Mankin Score was used to evaluate articular cartilage degeneration.  Statistically significant differences were determined via T-test.

The average modified scores were as follows: Group A 8 week control, 1.64 (n=7); Group A 8 week experiemtnal, 0.64 (n=7) [P<0.05]; Group A 16 week control, 4.67 (n=7); Group A 16 week experimental, 1.27 (n=9) [P<0.05]; Group B, 1.1 (n=5).

In conclusion, conditional removal of Ddr2 in articular cartilage attenuated articular cartilage degeneration in mature knee joints of mouse models of OA. 

Biography:

Petr Sifta is working as a faculty in physical education. His area of research includes Rheology of soft tissue,Kinesiology of human body, study of muscle tone and functional anatomy. He his having teaching experience of more then 10 year.

Abstract:

The purpose of the research described in this work is to answer how to measure the rheologic (viscoelastic) properties tendo–deformational characteristics of soft tissue. The method would also resemble muscle palpation examination as it is known in clinical practice. For this purpose, an instrument with the working name “myotonometer” has been used.

At present, there is lack of objective methods for assessing the muscle tone by viscous and elastic properties of soft tissue. That is why we decided to focus on creating or finding quantitative and qualitative methodology capable to specify muscle 

Biography:

Dr. André Esmanhotto has completed his post-graduation in Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology in 2010 from Cajuru Hospital in Curitiba / PR – Brazil. Since then he works as traumatologist and medical residency teacher. 

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:

To reduce the cost and weight of plaster molded orthosis (increasing patient comfort), keeping the same resistance.

METHODS:

22 plaster orthosis were laboratory analysed, 11 with conventional shape and 11 with pyramidal shape. It was compared, in theory (mathematcally) and practice, the change of weight (and consequently cost) and flexion resistance between conventional shape and pyramidal shape.

RESULTS:

Theorical analysis: weight and cost decrease of 26.7%-38.9%, according to the layers disposition of the cast. Laboratorial analysis: cast´s weight decrease of 34.5% (p = 0.000005) and resistance increase of 26.7% (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION:

Plaster molded orthosis made in a pyramidal shape, have a statistically significant decrease of weight (and consequently cost) and statistically significant increase of resistance if compared with traditional shape.

Biography:

Zenon Pawlak has completed his PhD at the ege of 31 from the Gdansk University, Poland, and DSc five years later from the Wroclaw University, Poland, and  2 years of postdoctoral studies from the Florida University, Gainesvile, FL, US. He became professor in physical chemistry at the age of 39.  He is a US citizen.  He was the visiting profesor in Austin University, TX;  BYU, UT,  Utah University, UT,  Leicester Polytechnic, GB; Munchen University, Germany; Manipal University, India and QUT, Brisbane, Australia.  He published  more than 200 papers in reputable journals. He is an author of the book: Tribochemistry of Lubricating Oils, 2003, Elsevier, and soon will be published another book: Lamellar lubrication of natural articular joints,  by CRC Press.

Abstract:

The chemical and physical nature of  biological surfaces is seen in an entirely different light than that of engineering surfaces immersed  in water.  The lubrication mechanisms in an animal body, where the the surfaces are coated with  phospholipid (PLs) bilayers, with (PLs)  lamellar phases and charged biomacromolecules in synovial fluid, have been referred to as a “lamellar-repulsive” mechanism [1, 2].  Amphoteric (PLs) are the main solid-phase lubricant on the surface of an articular cartilage (AC).  The lubricant is chemically attached to the surface, and is responsible for the biological lamellar-repulsive lubrication  mechanism.  It has been well established that the PLs bilayers mechanism, which essentially consists of a surface amorphous layer (SAL) surrounded by a 0.155 M electrolyte synovial fluid (SF) of pH ~7.4 with high-molecular-weight charged biomacromolecules, supports low friction.  Both the friction and wettability show very similar behavior as the SAL thickness is varied.  The SAL, phospholipidic lamellar phases and biomacromolecules in SF, are expected to cover cartilage surfaces and support hydrophilic lubrication.  Hydration  repulsion dominates the interaction between charged cartilage surfaces at nanometer separations and ultimately prevents sticking together of cartilage surfaces, even at as high pressures as 100 MPa.  In this presentation, we demonstrate experimentally that the pH sensitivity of cartilage to friction  provides a novel concept in joint lubrication on charged surfaces. [1] Pawlak Z.  et al. Lamellar slippage of bilayers—A hypothesis on low friction of natural joints.  Biointerphases, (2014) 9. DOI:10.1116/1.4902805 (2014). [2] Pawlak Z. et al. The probable explanation for the low friction of natural joints. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.  (2015) 71, 1615-1621.

Biography:

Dr Iman Akef Khowailed is an assistant professor in the School of Physical therapy at Touro University Nevada. Dr Akef received her Doctor of Science from Loma Linda University in 2014. She earned her master degree in biomechanics from Cairo University in 2010 & her bachelor degree in physical therapy in 2004. Dr Akef has been teaching at both the entry level and post professional level of physical therapy for the last 10 years. Dr Akef’s research interests relate to the physiological & biomechanical aspects of human movement. More specifically, her research focuses on the effects of hormonal fluctuation on the physiological adaptations and neuromuscular control in female runners. She also interested in the altered kinematics, kinetics, and muscular actions contributing to lower extremity injury among female runners. She has been practicing as a physical therapist since 2005 with an interest in musculoskeletal clinical practice in both Egypt and the United States.

Abstract:

Background: To examine the effects of 6 weeks training program of simulated barefoot running (SBR) on running kinetics in habitually shod female recreational runners.

Material and Methods: 12 female runners age 25.7± 3.4 years gradually increased running distance in Vibram Five fingers over 6 weeks. The kinetic analysis of treadmill running at 10Km/h was performed pre and post intervention in shod running, non-habituated SBR and habituated SBR conditions. Spatiotemporal parameters, ground reaction force components and Electromyography (EMG) were measured in all conditions.

Results: Post intervention data indicated a significant decrease across time in the habituation SBR for EMG activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) in the preactivation and absorptive phase of running (P<0.001). A significant increase was denoted in the preactivation amplitude of the gastrocnemius (GAS) between the shod running, unhabituated SBR and Habituated SBR. 6 weeks of SBR was associated with a significant decrease in the loading rates and impact forces. Additionally, SBR significantly decrease the stride length, step duration, flight time whilst stride frequency was significantly higher compared to shod running.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that changes in motor patterns in previously habitually shod runners are possible and can be accomplished within 6 weeks.  Non habituation SBR didnt showed a significant neuromuscular adaptation in the EMG activity of TA & GAS as manifested after 6 weeks of habituated SBR.

Biography:

Dr. Yeon-wook Kim, (Ph.D.-materials science and engineering), now is a professor of Department of Advanced Materials Engineering in Keimyung University, Korea. Review Board of National Research Foundation of Korea. He has completed his PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison. Studies on the effect of rapidly solidification processing on the martensitic transformation behaviors of Ti-based shape memory alloys. Special interests in fabrication of porous materials for biomaterials using the rapidly solidified powders and fibers of Ti-based shape memory alloys. He has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

TiNi shape memory alloy fibers were prepared by a melt overflow process. The martensitic transformation starting temperature of B2→B19’ in the rapidly solidified fibers was 19 °C. Cylindrical billets of Ni-rich Ti-Ni alloy with 75% porosity were produced by a vacuum sintering technology using as-cast alloy fibers. The mechanical properties and shape memory properties of the highly porous Ti-Ni alloy is investigated using a compressive test. The plateau of the stress-strain curve was observed at about 7 MPa and resulted in 8% elongation associated with stress-induced B2→B19’ transformation. Because of the high porosity of this specimen, the elastic modulus of about 0.95 GPa could be obtained. It was also found that a recovered strain was 5.9% on heating after the compressive deformation. This recovery of the length is ascribed to the shape memory effect which occurs during the martensitic transformation.

Biography:

Shubham Ramteke is a senior year student, pursing Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India. He has been actively pursing research in biomechanics, applied fields of biomechanics and implant design for the past two years. His  paper on pulse oximeter for dental applications was also selected for presentation in ICCES-2015 conference held in Reno, Nevada, USA.

Abstract:

Some children have medical problems that prevent them from ingesting food and liquid through mouth. To fulfil the nutritional needs of such children a G-tube is used. A G-tube (gastrostomy tube) is a tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach. It’s one of the ways doctors can make sure kids with trouble eating, get the fluid and calories they need to grow. Currently used G tubes are inadequately designed. The problems with them include dislogement/migration, tube leakage, site infecton, tube obstruction and other symptoms (eg. abdominal pain). Also Imported G-tubes are very expensive for a considerable number of people particularly for asian and Indian population.  To tackle all these problems, the newly designed implant is split into two parts - hard outer cover and soft inner tube with flanges - making it more capable to handle the medical issues and eliminate the need for multiple implants (as the child grows). The cover, which has an inherent draft, needs to be impanted only once for the entire period of treatment. According to the nutritional essentials need, the inner tube of appropriate lumen is then placed inside the cover. This new implant design and the accompanying manufacturing method takes care of the afore mentioned problems.The manufacturing method and simplicity of the design considerably cut down the cost of the implant making it affordable for masses. This new implant will help make gastrostomy feeding not only more problem-free but also available to more children who’ve been deprived of this medical care standard only becasue of the financial depravity.

Biography:

Justyna Maculewicz is a PhD fellow at Aalborg University Copenhagen. Her research interests include rhythmic motoric tasks with auditory and haptic feedback. Maculewicz received a BS in acoustics and MS in cognitive science from Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. She is focused on research on ecologically valid audio and haptic feedback and its influence on tempo-based exercise (walking and cycling) for entertainment and rehabilitation (with a focus on elderly and Parkinson’s disease patients). 

Abstract:

The aim of this presentation is to introduce the results of the research focused on ecological feedback in rhythmic walking interactions. The studies have been conducted in Multisensory Lab at Aalborg University Copenhagen as a part of a presenter’s PhD thesis. We designed several experiments to test how people synchronize with different auditory and haptic cues and how their preferred pace is influenced by these stimuli. The great focus was placed on the difference between the ecological (gravel and wood surface) and non-ecological stimuli (sine-wave – metronome-like). Soundscape sounds were added as well to investigate further the effect of meaning contained in the real-life stimuli. We utilzed the real-time footstep detection system based on the ground reaction force (GRF). A microphone placed underneath the experimental setup detected participants’ footsteps. Cueing and feedback stimuli were provided through headphones based on the collected information. To look for the basis of the obtained results we designed an electroencephalographic (EEG) study.     

The main novelties, which these studies contribute with are 1) a usage of ecological feedback and cueing in rhythmic interaction, which until now did not receive enough attention, unlike the non-ecological feedback; 2) investigation on tactile interaction within rhythmic walking scenario; 3) the first study on the influence of soundscape on rhythmic walking interaction with a focus on a preferred pace; 4) the first study on monitoring brain activity while walking with following ecological vs. non-ecological rhythmic cues.

In the presentation I will introduce our reasoning standing behind the studies and main results

Biography:

Eric Holt is a PhD student in the Gulari lab at the University of Michigan.  He received his Master’s from the University of Michigan and Bachelor’s from the Univeristy of Louisville.  Prior to pursuing an engineering degree, Eric served in the United States Marine Corps.  His interests are in the development of clean and sustainable processes by utilizing the capabilites of microorganisms.

Abstract:

The use of pressure as a parameter to manipulate the growth and production of cell cultures has recently begun to be thoroughly investigated.  The variability of effects on different cell types and species indicates that there is much more to learn about the use of elevated pressures (up to 10 bar) within bioreactors and how to best utilize this asset.  During this talk we will explore the current state of research on the applications of elevated pressures to bacterial cultures with specific consideration to its use in the culturing of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria.

Biography:

I completed my PhD at 2014 in Sheffield Hallam University (UK), under supervision Prf. Alexie Nabok in MERI, I was published more than seven papers, also I was attended about Nine global conferences in (UK, France, Croatia, Jordan and Iraq).

Abstract:

Environmental pollution can be defined as any discharge of material or energy into water, land and air, that causes adverse changes to the earth's ecological balance, or that lowers the quality of life. One of the most dangers contaminations are the heavy metals, which are commonly referred to as trace metals; many trace metals are highly toxic to humans (e.g. Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, As, Sn) and other living organisms in the environment. There are many techniques used for detection of heavy metals, for example; AAS, ICP-MS and Chromatography. In this project the bio-cell sensor that included the microorganisms bacteria ( E. Coli and D. Radiodurans) was employed for detection of heavy metals, which is considered to be a cheap (cost effective), simple (easy to use), powerless (portable) and sensitive technique. Characterisation of bacteria samples were carried out using a variety of experimental techniques, i.e. optical methods including optical density measurements, UV-vis spectrophotometer, fluorescent microscopy and spectroscopy for studying light scattering in bacteria samples, and electrical methods  both DC and AC are used. The results of the optical methods appeared to be completely different of bacteria response and did not correlate with the (Live/Dead) bacteria ratio, which are due to the effect of (Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺) ions on light scattering. The electrical technique was used to study the effect of heavy metals (CaCl₂ and CaCl₂) on bacteria. The effect of metal salt appeared to be comparable on both E. coli and D. radiodurans bacteria. AC and DC properties of electrochemical solutions that contained E. coli and D. radiodurans bacteria were studied, and the results were compared to and normalised to the results of samples not mixed with metals. Comparative Figures can be used to estimate metal concentration and the effect of metal on bacteria.

Biography:

Petr Sifta completed PhD from Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague and Post-graduate in Biomechanics during 2002-2005 and working in External cooperation with Technical University in Liberec, Faculty of mechanical engineering from 2008. He is a member of Czech Society of Kinesiology from 2008

Abstract:

The purpose of the research described in this work is to answer how to measure the rheologic (viscoelastic) properties and tendo–
deformational characteristics of soft tissue. The method would also deals with the resemblance of muscle palpation examination
as it is known in clinical practice. For this purpose, an instrument with the working name “myotonometer” has been used. The
Myotonometer measures constrain dislodging attributes of muscle and different tissues situated underneath the measuring test. At
present, there is lack of objective methods for assessing the muscle tone by viscous and elastic properties of soft tissue. That is why we
decided to focus on creating or finding quantitative and qualitative methodology capable to specify muscle tone.

Biography:

Petr Sifta is working as a faculty in physical education. His area of research includes Rheology of soft tissue,Kinesiology of human body, study of muscle tone and functional anatomy. He his having teaching experience of more then 10 yrs.

Abstract:

The purpose of the research described in this work is to answer how to measure the rheologic (viscoelastic) properties tendo–deformational characteristics of soft tissue. The method would also resemble muscle palpation examination as it is known in clinical practice. For this purpose, an instrument with the working name “myotonometer” has been used.

At present, there is lack of objective methods for assessing the muscle tone by viscous and elastic properties of soft tissue. That is why we decided to focus on creating or finding quantitative and qualitative methodology capable to specify muscle tone.

Biography:

Zenon Pawlak has completed his PhD at the age of 31 from the Gdansk University, Poland, and DSc five years later from the Wroclaw University, Poland, and  2 years of postdoctoral studies from the Florida University, Gainesvile, FL, US. He became professor in physical chemistry at the age of 39.  He is a US citizen.  He was the visiting profesor in Austin University, TX;  BYU, UT,  Utah University, UT,  Leicester Polytechnic, GB; Munchen University, Germany; Manipal University, India and QUT, Brisbane, Australia.  He published  more than 200 papers in reputable journals. He is an author of the book: Tribochemistry of Lubricating Oils, 2003, Elsevier, and soon will be published another book: Lamellar lubrication of natural articular joints,  by CRC Press.

Abstract:

The chemical and physical nature of  biological surfaces is seen in an entirely different light than that of engineering surfaces immersed  in water.  The lubrication mechanisms in an animal body, where the the surfaces are coated with  phospholipid (PLs) bilayers, with (PLs)  lamellar phases and charged biomacromolecules in synovial fluid, have been referred to as a “lamellar-repulsive” mechanism [1, 2].  Amphoteric (PLs) are the main solid-phase lubricant on the surface of an articular cartilage (AC).  The lubricant is chemically attached to the surface, and is responsible for the biological lamellar-repulsive lubrication  mechanism.  It has been well established that the PLs bilayers mechanism, which essentially consists of a surface amorphous layer (SAL) surrounded by a 0.155 M electrolyte synovial fluid (SF) of pH ~7.4 with high-molecular-weight charged biomacromolecules, supports low friction.  Both the friction and wettability show very similar behavior as the SAL thickness is varied.  The SAL, phospholipidic lamellar phases and biomacromolecules in SF, are expected to cover cartilage surfaces and support hydrophilic lubrication.  Hydration  repulsion dominates the interaction between charged cartilage surfaces at nanometer separations and ultimately prevents sticking together of cartilage surfaces, even at as high pressures as 100 MPa.  In this presentation, we demonstrate experimentally that the pH sensitivity of cartilage to friction  provides a novel concept in joint lubrication on charged surfaces. [1] Pawlak Z.  et al. Lamellar slippage of bilayers—A hypothesis on low friction of natural joints.  Biointerphases, (2014) 9. DOI:10.1116/1.4902805 (2014). [2] Pawlak Z. et al. The probable explanation for the low friction of natural joints. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.  (2015) 71, 1615-1621.

Biography:

Jason Tait Sanchez has earned a PhD in Auditory Neuroscience from Kent State, Master’s degree in Audiology from Michigan State and a Bachelor’s degree in Communication Sciences and Disorders from Northern Colorado. He is clinically trained in Audiology from the Cleveland Clinic and has completed Post-doctoral Training in Developmental Auditory Neurobiology from the University of Washington. As the Director of the Central Auditory Physiology Laboratory at Northwestern, his research investigates developmental mechanisms underlying ion channel and synaptic receptor function. Such biophysical properties may guide requirements for cochlear implant and hearing aid design and potentially provide pharmacological targets to improve disorders of the auditory system.

Abstract:

Ultrafast and temporally precise action potentials are biophysical specializations of auditory brainstem neurons; properties
necessary for encoding sound localization and communication cues. Fundamental to this, are voltage dependent potassium
and sodium ion channels. In this presentation, I will report our recent findings on how these ion channels shape action potential
properties in the developing auditory brainstem. Using patchclamp recordings from individual cochlear nucleus neurons, our results
indicate that the refinement of active ion channel properties operate differentially in order to develop action potential specializations.
Such differential regulation promotes the firing of fast, reliable and phased-locked action potentials at relatively high rates of afferent
stimulation, a biophysical property required for normal auditory information processing. Developmental changes in ion channel
subunit content were the largest contributor to this process and blockade of specific ion channel function resulted in aberrant neuronal
excitability and action potential control. The idea that the regulation of ion channel properties is a critical mechanism underlying
auditory pathophysiological conditions will also be discussed.

Biography:

Zaid Jawad Abu Rajab Altamimi graduated from MU’TAH University Medical College, Jordan in 2010 with honors. He had research and observership experience at University of Toledo,Ohio for 10 months after finshing his internship. Currently, he is pursuing Postgraduate Residency training accredited by ACGMEi (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education international) in Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery at Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar where he has also developed a keen interest in both basic and clinical research. He has several presentations in international conferences.

Abstract:

Objectives: To describe a modified technique of titanium prosthesis stabilization in ossicular chain reconstruction during ear surgery,
and to evaluate the outcome of this technique.
Methods: A retrospective study done at a tertiary referral institute Included 133 cases of all ossiculoplasties performed between
August 2013 and August 2015. We are suggesting a new technique for ossiculoplasties mechanical stability using Vario Kurz titanium
prostheses by: Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis (PORP) is crimped on the head of stapes and Total Ossicular Replacement
Prosthesis (TORP) is coupled to the footplate by cartilage shoe. Both prostheses were coupled to the drum by embedding a pin on the
headplate of prosthesis in a full thickness broad cartilage palisades graft. After packing of the ear canal, the stability of reconstruction
was checked using 30 degree scope placed in the mastoid. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric evaluation using air-bone gap
were assessed. Results are compared with historical control groups.
Results: The study included 133 patients, of which 88 underwent PORP reconstruction and 45 underwent TORP reconstruction.
Mean follow-up was 14 months. A postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) ≤ 20 dB was obtained in 75.9% of the patients (79.5% for PORP,
and 68.8% for TORP).
Conclusions: A robust prosthesis stability leads to a better ossicular coupling and more satisfactory hearing outcome compared to
conventional techniques

Biography:

Stephen Newton has completed his MD from Howard University. He has completed his Residency in Otolaryngology from the University of Iowa and has performed a two year Research Post-doctoral Fellowship looking at microRNAs and their role in hearing loss. He has done a Clinical Fellowship in Pediatric Otolaryngology from Boston Children’s Hospital. Currently, he is a Pediatric Otolaryngologist at the Children’s Hospital of Colorado and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Colorado. He heads the Cochlear Implant Program at Children’s Hospital of Colorado’s extension in Colorado Springs.

Abstract:

The most common cause for conductive hearing loss in children is a middle ear effusion. However, there could be other causes, both congenital and acquired, that may require intervention beyond observation or pressure equalization tubes. Further evaluation is often required to define these types of hearing loss but an auditory history and audiogram may be the first clue. Congenital
abnormalities of the ossicles and middle ear space may be suggested based on the level of hearing loss and tympanogram. These may be amenable to surgical procedure that may obviate the need for hearing aids. On the other hand, acquired and congenital cholesteatomas, can present in a multitude of ways and if not identified can lead to destruction of the ossicles and the potential for
permanent hearing loss. Lastly, previous surgical intervention may alter the appearance of audiometric testing. The goal of the talk is
to review the various types of conductive hearing loss in children and how they might present to the audiologist and on an audiogram.

Biography:

TiNi shape memory alloy fibers were prepared by a melt overflow process. The martensitic transformation starting temperature of B2→B19’ in the rapidly solidified fibers was 19°C. Cylindrical billets of Ni-rich Ti-Ni alloy with 75% porosity were produced by a vacuum sintering technology using as-cast alloy fibers. The mechanical properties and shape memory properties of the highly porous Ti-Ni alloy is investigated using a compressive test. The plateau of the stress-strain curve was observed at about 7 MPa and resulted in 8% elongation associated with stress-induced B2→B19’ transformation. Because of the high porosity of this specimen, the elastic modulus of about 0.95 GPa could be obtained. It was also found that a recovered strain was 5.9% on heating after the compressive deformation. This recovery of the length is ascribed to the shape memory effect which occurs during the martensitic transformation.

Abstract:

Yeon-wook Kim is currently a Professor of Department of Advanced Materials Engineering in Keimyung University, Korea. He is in the Review Board of National Research Foundation of Korea. He has completed his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from University of Wisconsin-Madison. He studies on the effect of rapidly solidification processing on the martensitic transformation behaviors of Ti-based shape memory alloys. His special interests are in fabrication of porous materials for biomaterials using the rapidly solidified powders and fibers of Ti-based shape memory alloys. He has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals.

Biography:

Professional engineer with in-depth experience in the implementation of new product ideas from concept phase to commercially viable completion.  A proven record respectfully acknowledged in peer-reviewed scientific publications and adjudged presentations.  An innovative, forward-thinking engineer holding in excess of 20 patents, and pending patents, in the medical device field.  A medical device design consultant for many top tier medical device company evaluating biomechanically early phase medical device concepts.

Abstract:

Today, medical device design benefits from many new manufacturing processes and an ever growing know-how.  Early design concepts are still limited in their interpretation before undergoing costly bench, animal, and clinical testing.  Is the new concept better? If so, how?  Will it perform as desired?  Will the anticipated advantages be appreciable?  In silico analyses or computer simulations via the finite element method allow for early concepts to be evaluated in a deterministic manner.  Such analyses can shine light objective unto the otherwise subjective process.  Furthermore, regulatory bodies are recognizing the value of finite element analyses and accept such evaluates in the design dossier.  Hence, finite element analyses provide an invaluable tool to integrate at various stages of the medical device design process.  Moreover, the advancements in medical imaging allow for customized and optimized implants which are patient specific - a process that will benefit for in silico analyses as well.

With the widespread availability of high computing power, the advanced knowledge of finite element modeling and complex physiological systems, in silico design and evaluation will soon become a common theme amongst medical device companies.  One must however proceed into such exciting times with caution.  Finite element modeling is a complex method that requires a sound expertise to navigate problems and decipher solutions with confidence.

Come and see how state of the art finite element analyses can help your product design.

Biography:

Nadja E Solis-Marcano is pursuing her PhD at University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras campus. She is currently working with “The development of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of deseases with the characteristics of easy handling, fast detection and minimal use of reagents”. She is also interested in “The fabrication of custom microelectrodes for various applications”.

Abstract:

Colibactin is a genotoxin produced by the polyketide synthase multienzyme (pks genomic island) encountered in the human gut microbiota. Many studies link colibactin production to different kinds of cancers, therefore making it a molecule of interest in the biomedical research field. More specifically, certain strains of Escherichia coli have been found to harbor pks genomic island that induced DNA damage. Here, we developed a PCR mediated-electrochemical protocol to successfully identify the presence of the pks genomic island in DNA samples. For this, pks and non-pks containing E. coli DNA were impedimetrically analyzed before and after amplification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol. Custom DNA primers were synthesized in order to selectively amplify a specific 400 base pair sequence from the clbN gene from the pks island. Impedance data showed a 97% increase in charge transfer resistance after the protocol was applied for the pks containing samples as opposed to the 15% increase for the non-pks containing DNA samples. Overall, effective identification of the pks genomic island was achieved.

Biography:

Myreisa Morales Cruz completed her Bachelor Degree in Chemistry and Doctoral studies at University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. She has been awarded with PRLSAMP fellowship from NSF, and RISE fellowship from NHI, during her Doctoral studies. She is currently working on “Microbial ureolysis systems.

Abstract:

Scarcity of clean water is a common problem in many parts of the world. For this reason, water recovery from waste water is essential in the modern world. Major source of nutrients in waste water is urine, approximate 80% of nitrogen, 50% of phosphorus and 9% of the potassium. One of the limitations of reusing wastewater is the presence of urea. The removal of urea is difficult because its small size and lack of charge does not allow the use of common methodologies. This work presents an innovative technique that integrates the use of a carbon anode and a urease positive bacteria, Proteus vulgaris, for the removal of urea. The carbon electrode was modified with platinum nanoparticles for the oxidation of ammonia produced by the bacteria. The modification of the carbon electrode was done by immersion varying the exposition time in the ink and the way the electrode was dried. Cyclic voltammetry was done to characterize the platinum particles and the carbon electrode before and after the modification. SEM images were taken to determine if the Pt particles were dispersed and if the bacteria were attached to the carbon electrode. The carbon electrode was successfully modified when exposed overnight to the Pt ink. The SEM images showed bacteria adhered to the carbon surface.

Biography:

Bart (GJ) Verkerke completed his PhD-study in December 1989. Since 1990 he works at the University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, since 2004 as professor in BioMedical Product Development and part-time professor at the University of Twente. He is coordinator of the Groningen Biomedical Engineering curriculum. Since 2011 he is Technical Scientific director of the Center of Research Excellence SPRINT, focusing on restoring or increasing the mobility of elderly. Since 2015 he is president of ESEM (Educating Students in Engineering and Medicine). He has published over 160 scientific publications, holds 12 patents, and serves the Editorial board of four reputed journals.

Abstract:

Leg amputation has a big impact on patients’ mobility and quality of life. Traditional stump-socket fixations introduce soft-tissue problems, gait control and fitting difficulties. Alternatively, a direct osseointegrated attachment of an artificial limb to the skeletal system overcomes skin and fitting problems, provides a better prosthetic control and increased mobility. However, the two systems that are presently available, can only be applied when sufficient bone is left. They also show bone loss around the prosthesis, bone and implant failures and infections that restrain applications of the current osseointegrated implants.

To solve these problems, a new fixation system was developed that restores the natural load transfer in the femur and allow implantations in short stumps. The system is composed of a metallic core sliding in a DLC-coated elastic sleeve to reduce bone failure risk and bone loss.

Finite element simulations, cadaver and wear experiments were done to determine the mechanical properties of the system.

Finite element analysis showed that the novel concept produced a physiological stress and strain distribution in the bone, reduced failure risk and minimized long-term bone loss due to prevention of bone remodelling. The experimental study confirmed the numerical simulation results. Wear tests showed that the applied DLC coating provided a very good wear resistance.

The new implant will increase safety against bone failure and allow rehabilitation in patients with higher amputations. It can be applied in much shorter stumps than present systems

Biography:

Jia-Kuo YU, Professor and Vice Director of the Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University 3rd Hospital.Vice Chairman of the Committee of China Association of Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons in the Sports Injuries Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Group. Member of Standing Committee of the Chinese Association of Sports Medicine ( CASM ), Member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine of the Chinese Medical Association. Member of the Standing Committee of the 1st International Cartilage Repair Society –China. Member of the Standing Committee of the SICOT China in Sports Medicine. 

Abstract:

The mismatch between the implants and the morphology of the knee was one of  the main reasons for the need to redesign implants in order to improve postoperative function. The present study was conducted to compare the dimensions of the implants with those of the resected knees using intraoperative morphological data. Anthropometric data were obtained during total knee arthroplasty From February 2010 to June 2015.The dimensions of the resected femur and tibial  surfaces was measured and compared with the dimensions of the implants. It was found that mediolateral (ML), middle anteroposterior (AP), medial anteroposterior (MAP), and lateral anteroposterior (LAP) dimensions of the resected proximal tibias showed significant differences according to gender. Compared with currently used tibial implants, the smaller implants showed tibial ML undersizing and the larger implants showed tibial ML overhang. There was also a significant difference between the genders with respect to the anterior lateral condylar height (ALCH) (p < 0.05).When the dimensions of the the anterior medial condylar height (AMCH) and  ALCH were compared with those of the native knee, the ALCH was smaller than the native knees (1.3 mm in male, 0.7 mm in female), but the AMCH was larger than the corresponding condyle (1.8 mm in male, 1.8 mm in female). The results of this study demonstrate that current current total knee arthroplasty implants are not designed to precisely fit the knees of  Asian population. A more anatomic shape of the implants should be designed to obtain improved performance.

Biography:

Pavlovic I graduated from the Academie fur Horgerateakustik, Loebeck, Germany in 1999 with a degree in hearing aids acoustics. During his studies, he successfully completed weekly seminars at Siemens Audiology Technics, Germany (Fitting hearing aids in children) and at Phonak, Stuttgart (FM-systems), as well as a one-day course at the University of Frankfurt am Main (BAHA implants). In 2003, he established his company Slušni centar Pavlović d.o.o., and is the only professional in Croatia with a degree in Acoustics. In 2005, he worked on drafting of the Ordinance on indications and distribution of hearing aids for the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia. This Ordinance has since been occasionally amended, but is still in force. His main contribution was defining the indications for two hearing aids. The company MedEL has authorized him to perform fittings for their implanted hearing aids, and he is the only professional in Croatia to have been given such authorization.

Abstract:

Introduction: Normal hearing is closely related to normal development of the language and speech as one of the most sophisticated functions of the human brain. Verbal expression includes emotions as well as non-verbal form of communication. Behaviour disturbance associated with hearing loss are often found. The aim of this study is to examine whether otitis media with effusion and associated hearing loss are related to the language development, academic achievement and behaviour. Methods: Cohort study included 23 male and 16 female outpatients who came for hearing test because of repetitively hearing loss or learning failure, hyperkinesias, lower rate of social adaptation and speech and language disorders. Tonal audiometry, tympanomtery and speech audiometry were performed repetitively every 7 days during the 3 weeks. Non-audiologic evaluation included psychological testing and speech language screening tests. Results: Bilateral conductive hearing loss and tympanograms of B type were present in all tested children. Speech audiometry showed pathologic level of speech discrimination for free sound field in all of tested children. At age up to 7 years, equal number of (11) female and (11) male have speech disorders and lack of concentration to the sound in general, speech and events around. At age of 8 or higher were much more male (12) than female (5) dominated cognition disorders, behaviour problems, learning disabilities and low rate and problems with social adaptation. Tested children in general have more readiness skills in literacy and math, and low scoring in recognizing incomplete words at school age 8 and above. Male children have more learning and behaviour disabilities at school age than females. Conclusions: Speech and language development are compromised in children with hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion. Consequences of hearing loss are related to delay in language particularly articulation development with no differences between males and females. From 8y up to older ages hearing loss is more related with cognition disabilities, behavior disturbance and consecuticely social adaptation in high risk at male than female children.

Biography:

Cristina P Santos is an Assistant Professor at UMinho, and a researcher at CAR/ALGORITMI. Her work focuses the study of human locomotion and its neuro-rehabilitation by means of bio-inspired robotics and neuroscience technologies. Her research seeks to advance the sciences of biomechanics, neuro-physiology and applications of ICT to design of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve gait recovery processes. She has also been supervising rehabilitation related works with smart walkers and synergies in exoskeletons and cycling in stroke and Parkinson patients. She has been scientific responsible of locomotion national projects and participated in some European Robotic projects. She supervises 2 PhD and 7 MSc thesis in the project topics. She is a member of the program committee of international conferences on robotics. She has more than 100 in international journals and proceedings of SCOPUS/ISI international scientific conference in these areas. She also has collaborations with rehabilitation enterprises, coordinates QREN projects and a direct involvement with end-user groups, in Braga Hospital, that will ensure that actual user needs are addressed by the prototype platforms.

Abstract:

This talk describes the development of the ASBGo Smart Walker with the intent of helping patients with high disorders of balance, such as cerebellar ataxic patients. It describes the first steps towards the proposal of a new treatment with the ASBGo with real, ataxic patients. The talk is structured in different sections: first the walker and associated sensory systems are presented. Then the four operating modes delineated (autonomous, manual, safety and remote control) in the ASBGo are described. Then it is described the application of the developed gait and posture assessment tool into the rehabilitation of patients with ataxia, including a brief description of the disease and case studies.

Biography:

Shubham Ramteke is a senior year student, pursing Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India. He has been actively pursing research in biomechanics, applied fields of biomechanics and implant design for the past two years. His  paper on pulse oximeter for dental applications was also selected for presentation in ICCES-2015 conference held in Reno, Nevada, USA.

Abstract:

Some children have medical problems that prevent them from ingesting food and liquid through mouth. To fulfil the nutritional needs of such children a G-tube is used. A G-tube (gastrostomy tube) is a tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach. It’s one of the ways doctors can make sure kids with trouble eating, get the fluid and calories they need to grow. Currently used G tubes are inadequately designed. The problems with them include dislogement/migration, tube leakage, site infecton, tube obstruction and other symptoms (eg. abdominal pain). Also Imported G-tubes are very expensive for a considerable number of people particularly for asian and Indian population.  To tackle all these problems, the newly designed implant is split into two parts - hard outer cover and soft inner tube with flanges - making it more capable to handle the medical issues and eliminate the need for multiple implants (as the child grows). The cover, which has an inherent draft, needs to be impanted only once for the entire period of treatment. According to the nutritional essentials need, the inner tube of appropriate lumen is then placed inside the cover. This new implant design and the accompanying manufacturing method takes care of the afore mentioned problems.The manufacturing method and simplicity of the design considerably cut down the cost of the implant making it affordable for masses. This new implant will help make gastrostomy feeding not only more problem-free but also available to more children who’ve been deprived of this medical care standard only becasue of the financial depravity.

Biography:

Diana C Diaz Cartagena is pursuing her PhD at University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. She works at Dr. Cabrera’s laboratory, a laboratory with interest in “Electrochemistry, interfaces and nanotechnology”. Her research project is focused on “developing a biosensor”.

Abstract:

Over the last decade, an increasing number of researchers have focused on developing rapid techniques based on biosensor technology for the detection of various human health related conditions. The use of this technology helps to detect early signs of the disease, such as cancer, in a short period of time with high efficiency. The number of cases diagnosed with this condition is increasing throughout the years due to the unhindered growth of abnormal cells partially caused by an enzyme called telomerase. This enzyme activates and elongates telomeres at the end of the chromosomal DNA, which causes cancer cells to become immortal. Telomerase is present in the vast majority of cancer types, therefore, serves as a biomarker. In this work, we developed a DNA biosensor using self-assembled monolayer technique for detection of telomerase activity in cancer cells. Specifically, we used a robust miniature DNA gold electrode as the sensing platform for the capacitive detection of enzyme binding and DNA elongation processes by telomerase utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We measured changes in the capacitance when the surface was exposed to telomerase and to a DNA elongation inhibitor. Also, we studied how heat-shock affects the enzyme activity using charge transfer resistance as the sensing parameter. This system provides advantages in terms of simplicity, efficiency and cost of electrode design and will have a tremendous impact on the biomedical science, filling the absence of methods that can detect telomerase in a direct readout at the point-of-care location using lab-on-a-chip technology.

Biography:

Bart (GJ) Verkerke completed his PhD-study in December 1989. Since 1990 he works at the University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, since 2004 as professor in BioMedical Product Development and part-time professor at the University of Twente. He is coordinator of the Groningen Biomedical Engineering curriculum. Since 2011 he is Technical Scientific director of the Center of Research Excellence SPRINT, focusing on restoring or increasing the mobility of elderly. Since 2015 he is president of ESEM (Educating Students in Engineering and Medicine). He has published over 160 scientific publications, holds 12 patents, and serves the Editorial board of four reputed journals.

Abstract:

Surgical treatment of scoliosis generally results in a completely rigid spine and can only be done after growth. We developed a revolutionary non-fusion correction system that slowly, but persistently corrects. It is extremely flexible and extendable. The system (XS-TOR) generates a torque to correct the axial rotation of the spine. Due to coupled motion, lateral bending is corrected as well.To deliver the appropriate torque, the system is pre-stressed before fixing to only three vertebrae.

To test the mechanical strength and performance, the XS-TOR was anchored to three metal vertebrae containing 6D-force sensors, after which several spinal configurations were simulated and the reaction forces/moments were recorded. Animal experiments were performed with an inverse version of the implant that induces scoliosis instead of correcting it, since animals do not have scoliosis.

The XS-TOR generated a correction torque that remains constant during growth and correction, due to a special design. The increase in spinal stiffness is very limited, only 0.01-0.03 Nm/° in bending and 0.04-0.08 Nm/° in torsion. All animal experiments ended successfully. Scoliosis was induced, spinal growth was not inhibited and fusion of the spine prevented.

The XS-TOR is able to create scoliosis, both torsion and lateral bending, is able to allow spinal motion and growth and does not induce vertebral fusion. We expect that the system behaves as intended in scoliosis correction. This means that a new way of treating scoliosis is possible, starting already during growth when scoliosis is less severe and ending after growth by removing the system.

Biography:

Lauren Manning completed her Doctor of Dental Surgery training at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and receivced her Dorctor of Medical Science degree and clinical certificate in prosthodontics from the Harvard School of Dental Medicine where she studied articular cartilage denegeration in the lab of Dr. Yefu Li.  She is an Assistant Professor in the Restorative Department at Oregon Health and Science Univeristy School of Dentistry, where she is developing the prosthodontic curriculum for the General Practice Redicency and teaches predoctoral students in clinical prosthodontics. She also works in private practice as a prosthodontist in Portland, OR. 

Abstract:

Currently, no targets for disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs exist.  Co-localized expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has been found in degenerative articular cartilage of both human OA tissues and mouse models of OA.  In healthy articular cartilage, DDR2 is kept inactivated by the pericellular matrix; however, once lost, DDR2 is activated and induces expression of MMP-13, resulting in joint destruction and OA.

We generated aggrecan-CreERt2 mice and floxed Ddr2 mice, and used conditional knock out techniques to remove Ddr2 from articular cartilage of knee joints in 8 week old mice via intraperitoneal Tamoxifen injection (Group A).  Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery was performed at 10 weeks of age.  Group B mice were subjected to DMM or sham surgery at 10 weeks of age, followed by DDR2 removal 8 weeks later.  Knee joints from mice in Group A were harvested at 8 weeks or 16 weeks post-surgery and from Group B at 16 weeks post-surgery.  Histology was performed and the OARSI Modified Mankin Score was used to evaluate articular cartilage degeneration.  Statistically significant differences were determined via T-test.

The average modified scores were as follows: Group A 8 week control, 1.64 (n=7); Group A 8 week experiemtnal, 0.64 (n=7) [P<0.05]; Group A 16 week control, 4.67 (n=7); Group A 16 week experimental, 1.27 (n=9) [P<0.05]; Group B, 1.1 (n=5).

In conclusion, conditional removal of Ddr2 in articular cartilage attenuated articular cartilage degeneration in mature knee joints of mouse models of OA. 

Biography:

Ann Simon is the Biomedical Engineering Manager in the Center for Bionic Medicine at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, IL and a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Northwestern University. She received the BS degree in Biomedical Engineering from Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, in 2003. She received the MS degree in Mechanical Engineering and PhD degree in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Her research is focused on overcoming clinical challenges associated with the application of advanced pattern recognition myoelectric control systems for both upper- and lower-limb amputees.

Abstract:

Lower limb amputation affects an individual’s ability to efficiently perform activities of daily living. For individuals with high levels of amputation, such as a trans-femoral amputation, this impact can be much greater since they must rely on a mechanical substitute for their knee and ankle joints. Powered prosthetic legs are an emerging category of devices that are becoming commercially available but their control needs to be further refined for clinical viability. This talk will highlight several of the advances we have made to provide users with natural, intuitive, and robust control of a powered prosthesis. For example, we developed a new user-modulated control strategy that enables improved control of powered knee-ankle prosthesis during sit-to-stand movements. Allowing transfemoral amputees more control over the timing and rate of knee and ankle power generation enabled standing and sitting with their weight distributed more equally between limbs. To provide seamless transitions between weight-bearing activities, we created an ambulation mode intent recognition system that incorporates neural information in combination with mechanical sensors. Electromyographic (EMG) signals, or muscle activity patterns, have been used for decades to control upper limb prostheses and, for lower limb applications, can provide data on how a person intends to use their device (e.g., whether the individual intends to walk or climb stairs).The successful implementation of these control strategies is an exciting step towards providing improved control of a powered prosthesis, potentially making ambulation and other activities of daily living easier for trans-femoral amputees.

Biography:

Lubna Sheikh is in her 4th year of PhD currently, working in CSIR-IICB and CSIR-NML. She is working on biomaterials for biomedical application. Topic of her research is nanohydroxyapatite for bone repair. She has published 7 papers in reputed journals. Her main work is on the synthesis and charcterization of these nanoparticles. They have proved to be promising candidate after in vitro and in vivo tests.

Abstract:

Bioactive materials are currently at the cutting edge of regenerative medicine due to the foreseeable need for bone tissue regeneration as an effective way to improve the current medical practice of bone replacement. Alliance of Nanotechnology to stimulate coordinate research in biology, engineering and materials science to push medical science forward is of demand. Bone is a nanocomposite composed of organic and inorganic components with hierarchial structure ranging fron nano to macroscale. Generally clinical repair and reconstruction of bone defects can be conducted using autologous and allogenic tissues and alloplastic materials but these have there own fuctional limitations. And therefore designing and developing of biomaterial for bone repair and regeneration without necrosis is a challenging area of research and demanding too. We report a room temperature, cost effective, one pot process to fabricate hydroxyaptite particles renging between 10-15 nm. This is possible by the involvement of biological systems as they offset thermodynamic limitations by establishing kinetic control on nucleation and growth of the crystals leading to the synthesis of phase pure and crystalline HA nanoparticles. Unique properties of these nanomaterials such as increased wettability and surface area, lead to increased protein adsorption when compaired with conventional biomaterials. Additionally these nanoparticles are biocompatible and invivo results have suggested that it also helps in the bone wound healing or repair on live rat models.

Biography:

Y Raviteja has completed his MS (Orthopaedics) from NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is presently doing Fellowship in Arthroplasty at Srikara Hospitals, Hyderabad.

Abstract:

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate results of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screw fixation for comminuted intertrochanteric fractures in elderly and its efficacy in meeting the activities of daily routine. Study: Total 16 cases in which there was communited intertrochanteric fracture was present were taken and classified according to boyd and griffin classification. Among them 8 were operated with hemiarthroplasty with cemented bipolar prosthesis and 8 were operated with dynamic hip screw fixation after pre anaesthetic check up. Results: In cemented bipolar out of 8 cases 4 were excellent, 2 were good, 2 were fair. In dynamic hip screw out of 8 cases 2 were excellent, 3 were good 1 was fair and 2 poor. Complications noted in the study of cemented bipolar were 1 case of superficial wound infection, 2 cases of shorteningand 4 cases of abductor weakness with Trendelenburg gait. Complications noted in study of dynamic hip screw were 3 cases of implant failure 2 cases of nonunion 1 case of knee stiffness 1 case of superficial infection and 2 cases of varus angulation and one case died due to medical reasons. Conclusion: In conclusion primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in communited intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients provides painless stable joint allowing the patients to ambulate early in the post-operative period minimizing the complications associated with prolonged recumbency. The results of dynamic hip screw were inferior when compared to cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for communited intertrochanteric fractures. As the study comprises only few patients there is need for randomized controlled trail with large numbers.

Biography:

Annelis O Sánchez has completed her Baccalaureate degree at University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras Campus and is currently pursuing her PhD candidate at same institution. She had worked as a Chemist in several pharmaceuticals, and private companies. She has experience as a Chemist in a variety of interdisciplinary areas such as “Clinical, environmental, pedagogy and industrial”. She completed her internship at University of Texas in Austin, where she learned the basis of single particle detection methods.

Abstract:

During the last decades, single particle detection have opened a novel sight for doing electrochemistry. The possibility of detecting single biomolecules, differentiate between a single cancer cell in presence of healthy cells and detecting single viruses are envisioning steps toward the development of biosensor and novel techniques for better understanding of a human’s machinery. More recently, advances in single metal detection of nanoparticles, organic particles and oxide particles have been achieved. Studies in non-homogeneous solutions detecting an emulsion oil droplet has been accomplished. In this research, zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) prompt to oxidation in aqueous media, are detected and characterized by electrochemical techniques using the emulsion droplet single particle approach. During the experiment, it is expected to observe current blips as a result of a current increase when the electroactive modified drop reaches the electrode. ZVI particles are known to be ion sequesters and are used for environmental remediation. Due to this behavior, the nZVI particles are a promising alternative to heavy metal poisoning. Because cancer cells are known to have a higher iron requirement than healthy cells, this fundamental research elucidates how an iron-based cancer biosensor would work. Emulsion oil droplet experiment results can be used to forecast the cell behavior in presence of nZVI. Applications for fundamentally drifted experiments aim to elucidate and characterize novel nanomaterials that are currently used.